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Kubva paZvinhu zveMakemikari kuenda kuNheyo dzeKuita: Kunzwisisa 1-methylcyclopropene

1-Methylcyclopropene(CAS Nhamba 3100-04-7, yakapfupikiswa se1-MCP). Kubva pamaonero emakemikari, 1-MCP iboka diki re olefin rinotenderera rinoonekwa segasi risina ruvara patembiricha yemumba. Maumbirwo aro emamorekuru ari nyore asi rine basa rakasiyana rehupenyu - rinogona "kuvharira" chaizvo kutapurirana kwezviratidzo zve ethylene mukati mezvirimwa.

Ethylene inoshanda se "commander yekuibva" yemichero nemiriwo, ichikurumidzisa kupfava, kuchinja ruvara uye kuora kwayo. Maumbirwo emamorekuru e1-MCP akafanana zvikuru neeethylene uye anogona kusunganidza kune ethylene receptors pamusoro pemasero emiti pachine nguva, zvichiita kuti ive "yakavharika" yakasimba. Musanganiswa uyu wakafanana nekuisa "ngowani yekuchengetedza" pa ethylene receptor, zvichidzivirira ethylene chaiyo kuti isatumire zviratidzo zvekuibva uye nokudaro zvichinonotsa maitiro emichero nemiriwo mushure mekuibva.

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti 1-Methylcyclopropene 1-MCP ine hunhu hwe "kushanda zvakanaka uye muyero mudiki". Ruzivo rwekuyedza runoratidza kuti huwandu hwe 0.1 kusvika 1 microliter pa litre imwe chete hunogona kukonzera kuchengetedzwa kwakanyanya pamichero nemiriwo mizhinji. Uyezve, inogona kuora nyore nyore munzvimbo yechisikigo uye haizogara muvhu kana mumvura kwenguva yakareba, izvo zvinosangana nezvinodiwa zvekurima kwegirini. Parizvino, nyika dzinopfuura 30 nenzvimbo pasi rose dzakabvumidza kushandiswa kwayo mumunda wekurima. China yakaibatanidzawo muchikamu chevatongi vekukura kwezvirimwa vanobvumidzwa kushandiswa mu "Food Additive Use Standard".

Inoshanduka-shanduka: "Muchengeti wehutsva" kubva mumunda kuenda patafura

Mukushandiswa kunoshanda, mashandisirwo eUpfu hwe1-MCPvakafukidza zvese zvekugadzira michero nemiriwo, kuichengeta, kutakura nekutengesa, vachiva "muchengeti wekuchengetedza" akakosha muchikamu chekugovera zvigadzirwa zvekurima.

Danho rekuchengetedza: Wedzera nguva yekutsva uye kuderedza kurasikirwa

Kare, kunyangwe maapuro aichengetwa munzvimbo inotonhorera mushure mekukohwa, huwandu hwemichero yakanaka hwaizodzikira kusvika pa70% mushure memwedzi miviri. Iye zvino, nekurapwa kwe1-MCP, huwandu hwemichero yakanaka hunogona kuramba huri pa92% mushure memwedzi mina. Zvichienderana nehuwandu, mushure mekunge 1-Methylcyclopropene yashandiswa pamichero yepectin yakaita semaapuro nemapeya, avhareji yenguva yekuchengetera inowedzerwa nekaviri kusvika katatu, uye kurasikirwa kwegore negore kunoderedzwa neanopfuura matani mamiriyoni matatu.

Chinongedzo chekufambisa: Pindura "miganho yenguva nenzvimbo" uye wedzera nzvimbo yekutengesa

Nerubatsiro rwe tekinoroji ye1-Methylcyclopropene 1-MCP, mango dzemushandirapamwe dzakabudirira kupinda mumisika yekuchamhembe yakaita seHeilongjiang neJilin, nekuwedzera kwekutengesa kwegore negore kwe40%. Muchikamu chekutengesa kunze kwenyika, basa remethylcyclopropene rakakosha zvikuru. Kana macheri ekuChina akatumirwa kunyika dzeSoutheast Asia, mushure mekurapwa kwe1-MCP, hupenyu hwesherufu hunowedzerwa kubva pamazuva matatu kusvika pamazuva gumi, uye avhareji yekukura kwehuwandu hwekutengesa kunze kwenyika pagore i25%.

Bazi rekutengesa: Chengetedza hutsva uye wedzera ruzivo rwevatengi

Pakupinda muchikamu chemichero nemiriwo mune imwe supermarket, kiwifruit, mastrawberry, maavocado nemimwe michero iri pamasherufu zvese zvakanyorwa kuti "1-MCP preservation treatment". Michero nemiriwo zvinorapwa ne1-Methylcyclopropeneine avhareji yenguva yekushanda kwayo inowedzerwa nemazuva mashanu kusvika manomwe uye inogona kuramba ichinaka uye ichitaridzika zvakanaka. Haisi kungoderedzwa chete marara, asi vatengi vanogonawo kutenga mastrawberry matsva, uye mwero wekutengwazve wakawedzera ne18%.

Ramangwana rine tariro: Kuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji kunowedzera miganhu yekushandiswa

Nekufambira mberi kwekutsvaga nekuvandudza tekinoroji, mamiriro ekushandiswa kwe1-MCP achiri kuramba achikura. Kuwedzera kumichero nemiriwo yakajairika, ikozvino yave kushandiswa zvinobudirira mumunda wekuchengetedza maruva. ​​Iyi tekinoroji yakasimudzirwa mumhando dzemaruva akachekwa akadai secarnations nemaruva, zvichideredza kurasikirwa kwemaruva panguva yekufambisa nekutengesa.

Zvichakadaro, kuti vawedzere kuchengetedzeka uye nyore kushandisa, kambani iyi yakatangawo mhando dzakasiyana dzezvigadzirwa zve1-MCP. Kuwedzera kune zvigadzirwa zvechinyakare zvinoburitsa gasi, zvigadzirwa zvakasimba zvinoburitsa gasi uye mapiritsi zvave kuzivikanwa zvishoma nezvishoma mumusika. Zvigadzirwa izvi hazvidi michina yehunyanzvi, uye varimi vanogona kuzvishandisa zviri nyore kumba.

1-Methylcyclopropenehaisi chete mushonga wekuchengetedza asiwo "kusimudzira tekinoroji" yekusimudzira budiriro yekurima yepamusoro. Mune ramangwana, kusimudzirwa kwetekinoroji yekushandisa 1-MCP kuchasimbiswazve, zvichitungamira mabhizinesi kuti aishandise nenzira yakajairwa, kuitira kuti "tekinoroji yekuchengetedza" iyi igone kubatsira zvirinani kuwedzera mari yevarimi, mabhenefiti evatengi uye kusimudzira cheni yekugovera zvigadzirwa zvekurima.

Ko 1-methylcyclopropene yakachengeteka here?

1-methylcyclopropene i "kodhi yekuchengetedza" ine chepfu shoma uye inoshanda zvakanyanya. methylcyclopropene iolefin diki inotenderera iri gasi risina ruvara patembiricha yemumba. Maitiro ayo makuru ekushanda ari mu "kuvharira zviratidzo zve ethylene". Ruzivo rwehunyanzvi runoratidza kuti ethylene, se "hormone yekuibva" yezvirimwa, inogona kukurumidzisa kuibva nekupfava kwemichero nemiriwo mushure mekuibva. 1-MCP inogona kusunga kuma ethylene receptors kutanga uye kuvhara nzvimbo kwenguva yakareba, ichidzivisa kuibva kubva kunobva, izvo zvinogona kuwedzera hupenyu hwesherufu yemichero nemiriwo ne50% kusvika 200%.

Chinonyanya kukosha kutariswa idata rayo rekuchengetedza: chepfu yemuromo ne transdermal LD50 inodarika 5000mg/kg, zvichisangana nechiyero che "zvisingakuvadzi" cherudzi rwe "chepfu". Kukosha kweADI (kudyiwa kwezuva nezuva kunogamuchirwa) i0.0009mg/kg yehuremu hwemuviri. 1-Methylcyclopropene yakatenderwa kushandiswa munyika dzinopfuura makumi matatu dzinosanganisira China, United States neEurope. Tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti zvasara zve1-MCP mumichero nemiriwo zvakaderera zvikuru uye zvinoora nyore nyore. Kana ikashandiswa zvakajairika, haikonzeri hutano hwevanhu.

Unilong inyanzviVatengesi ve1-methylcyclopropene. Kuchena kweupfu hwe1-mcp hwatinogadzira kunogona kusvika 3.7%. Zvinozivikanwa kuti mwero wekuchena kwe1-mcp muindasitiri i3.3%. Panguva iyi, tinogona kupa madhigirii madiki nemapakeji madiki e0.035%. 1-MCP imorekuru ine gasi inoshandiswa mumasherufu esupamaketi kana mumabhokisi emichero. Mushure mekugadzirisa, inonyangarika zvachose uye haisiye masara emakemikari pazvigadzirwa.​​​​​