Muindasitiri yemakemikari, mune zvigadzirwa zviviri zvine mazita akafanana, zvinoti glyoxylic acid uye glycolic acid. Vanhu kazhinji havagoni kuvasiyanisa. Nhasi, ngatitarisei zvigadzirwa zviviri izvi pamwechete. Glyoxylic asidhi uye glycolic asidhi maviri organic komisheni ine misiyano yakakura muchimiro uye zvivakwa. Misiyano yavo inonyanya kuve mumamorekuru chimiro, makemikari zvimiro, zvimiro zvemuviri uye mashandisiro, sezvinotevera:
Iyo molecular chimiro uye kuumbwa kwakasiyana
Uyu ndiwo mutsauko wakanyanya pakati pezviviri, izvo zvinonyatso tarisa kusiyana kwezvimwe zvinhu.
CAS 298-12-4, ine kemikari formula C2H2O3 uye structural formula HOOC-CHO, ine mapoka maviri anoshanda - boka recarboxyl (-COOH) uye boka realdehyde (-CHO), uye inhengo yealdehyde acid yekirasi yemakomponi.
CAS 79-14-1, ine kemikari formula C2H4O3 uye structural formula HOOC-CH2OH, ine mapoka maviri anoshanda - boka recarboxyl (-COOH) uye boka rehydroxyl (-OH), uye ndeye α -hydroxy acid kirasi yemakomponi.
Mamolecular formulas ezviviri zvinosiyana nemaatomu maviri ehydrogen (H2), uye musiyano mumapoka anoshanda (aldehyde group vs. hydroxyl group) ndiwo musiyano mukuru.
Kusiyana kwemakemikari zvinhu
Misiyano mumapoka anoshanda inotungamira kune akasiyana zvachose emakemikari zvimiro pakati pezviviri izvi:
Hunhu hweglyoxylic asidhi(nekuda kwekuvapo kwemapoka aldehyde):
Iine simba rekudzikisa zvinhu: boka realdehyde rinogadziriswa nyore nyore uye rinogona kupinda mugirazi resirivheri rinosangana nesirivha ammonia solution, rinoita nemhangura yakangogadzirwa yakagadzirwa hydroxide kuturika kuti igadzire mvura yakatsvuka-zvidhinha (cuprous oxide), uye inogonawo kuokisiswa kune oxalic asidhi neoxidants se potassium permanganate uye hydrogen peroxide.
Mapoka eAldehyde anogona kusangana nemaitiro ekuwedzera: semuenzaniso, anogona kuita nehydrogen kugadzira glycolic acid (iyi imhando yehukama hwekushandura pakati pezviviri).
Hunhu hweglycolic acid (nekuda kwekuvapo kwemapoka ehydroxyl):
Mapoka eHydroxyl ari nucleophilic: anogona kuita intramolecular kana intermolecular esterification reactions nemapoka ecarboxyl kuti aite cyclic esters kana polyesters (senge polyglycolic acid, inoora polima zvinhu).
Mapoka eHydroxyl anogona kuve oxidized: zvisinei, kuoma kweoxidation kwakakwira kupfuura kwemapoka ealdehyde mu glyoxylic acid, uye oxidant yakasimba (yakadai se potassium dichromate) inodiwa kuti oxidize mapoka ehydroxyl kumapoka ealdehyde kana mapoka ecarboxyl.
Iyo acidity yeboka recarboxyl: Ose ane mapoka ecarboxyl uye ane acidic. Zvisinei, boka re hydroxyl re glycolic acid rine simba risina simba rekupa maerekitironi paboka re carboxyl, uye acidity yayo ishoma kudarika iyo ye glycolic acid (glycolic acid pKa≈3.18, glycolic acid pKa≈3.83).
Zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemuviri
State uye solubility:
Inokurumidza kunyungudika mumvura uye polar organic solvents (senge ethanol), asi nekuda kwekusiyana kwemolecular polarity, solubilities yavo yakasiyana zvishoma (glyoxylic acid ine polarity yakasimba uye yakanyanya kunyungudika mumvura).
Melting point
Iyo yekunyunguduka kweglyoxylic acid ingangoita 98 ℃, nepo iyo glycolic asidhi ingangoita 78-79 ℃. Musiyano unobva kune intermolecular forces (boka re aldehyde re glyoxylic acid rine simba rakasimba rekugadzira hydrogen zvisungo neboka re carboxyl).
Yakasiyana application
Inonyanya kushandiswa mu organic synthesis industry, yakadai se synthesis ye vanillin (flavoring), allantoin (mushonga wepakati wekusimudzira kuporesa maronda), p-hydroxyphenylglycine (an antibiotic intermediate), etc. Inogonawo kushandiswa sechinhu chinowedzera mu electroplating solutions kana mune cosmetics (kutora uye antioxidant maitiro ayo). Zvigadzirwa zvekuchengeta bvudzi: Sechinhu chinogadzirisa, zvinobatsira kugadzirisa tambo dzebvudzi dzakakuvadzwa uye kuwedzera bvudzi kupenya (rinoda kusanganiswa nezvimwe zvinongedzo kuderedza kushatirwa).
Seyo α -hydroxy acid (AHA), kushandiswa kwayo kwepakati kuri kunyanya mumunda wezvigadzirwa zvekuchengetedza ganda. Inoshanda sechinhu chinopisa (nekunyungudutsa zvinhu zvinobatanidza pakati pe stratum corneum yeganda kukurudzira kubuda kweganda rakafa), kugadzirisa matambudziko akadai seganda rakaoma uye acne marks. Pamusoro pezvo, inoshandiswawo muindasitiri yemachira (seye bleaching agent), maajenti ekuchenesa (yekubvisa chiyero), uye mukugadzirwa kwemapurasitiki anoparara (polyglycolic acid).
Musiyano wakakosha pakati pezviviri izvi unobva kumapoka anoshanda: glyoxylic acid ine aldehyde boka (ine simba rekudzikisa zvinhu, rinoshandiswa muorganic synthesis), uye glycolic acid ine hydroxyl boka (inogona esterified, inoshandiswa mukuchengetedza ganda uye minda yezvinhu). Kubva pakuumbwa kuenda kune zvakasikwa uyezve kusvika kukushandisa, ese anoratidza mutsauko wakakura nekuda kweiyo musimboti musiyano.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-11-2025