nhau

Polyethyleneimine(PEI muchidimbu), ine nhamba yeCAS ye9002-98-6, ipolymer yecationic inonyungudika mumvura. Chinhu chikuru chayo ndechekuti cheni yayo yemamorekuru yakapfuma mumapoka akawanda emaamino (maamine ekutanga, maamine echipiri, uye maamine echitatu). Chimiro ichi chinoratidza alkalinity yayo yakasimba, reactivity yakakwira, uye hunhu hwayo hwefizikisi. Polyethyleneimine ine kukosha kusingatsiviwe muminda yakawanda.

I. Ruzivo Rwekutanga: Maumbirwo uye Kurongwa

1. Maumbirwo emakemikari

Chikamu chinodzokororwa chePEI ndi -CH₂CH₂NH-, uye mapoka eamino ari pacheni yayo yemamorekuru anoipa hunhu hwakasimba hwecationic (pKa≈10) - kunyangwe mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kusimba kana asina acid, mapoka eamino anogona kuve protonated (-NH₂→-NH₃⁺), inova ndiyo sosi huru yekunyungudika kwayo mumvura, kugona kwayo kuumbwa kwemuviri uye kunyungudika kwayo pamusoro.

Zvichienderana nehurongwa hwakasiyana, hwakakamurwa kuva mapoka maviri:

Linear polyethyleneimine (L-PEI): Cheni yemamorekuru yakatsetseka, ine maamine echipiri seboka guru remaamino (anenge 90%), uye huwandu hwemaamine ekutanga neetatu hwakaderera. Kupararira kwemamorekuru kwakamanikana, uye kuchena kwacho kwakakwira.

Branched polyethyleinemine (B-PEI): Molecular chain ine huwandu hwakawanda hwemacheni eparutivi, ine chiyero chakaenzana chema primary amines (≈25%), secondary amines (≈50%), uye tertiary amines (≈25%), uye ine reactivity yakakwira. Ndiyo mhando inonyanya kushandiswa muindasitiri.

2. Hunhu hunokosha hwemuviri

Ii. Zvinhu Zvikuru: Sei PEI Ichishandiswa Zvikuru?

Hunhu hwakasimba hwe cationic uye kugona kuumbwa kwemasero: Boka reamino mushure me protonation rinotakura chaji yakanaka uye rinogona kugadzira ma complexes akagadzikana ane zvinhu zvinopomerwa zvisina mhosva (zvakadai seDNA, RNA, anionic dyes, clays, uye metal ions), inova ndiyo nzira huru yekushanda kwayo mukupa majini, kurapwa nemvura, uye kunyudzwa kwesimbi.

Kushanda zvakanyanya: Mapoka eAmino (kunyanya maamine ekutanga) anogona kutora chikamu mukuita zvakasiyana-siyana (zvakadai sekuwedzera kwaMichael, kuvhura kwe epoxy ring, acylation, crosslinking reactions), uye anogona kushandiswa se crosslinking agents uye modifiers kuti ashande pamusoro pechinhu.

Kunyungudika kwemvura uye kugona kugadzira firimu: Kunyungudika kwakanaka kwemvura kunoita kuti zvive nyore kugadzirisa. Mushure mekuomeswa, inogona kugadzira firimu rakakora, uye firimu rine zvimwe zvinhu zvinonamira uye zvinodzivirira.

Simba realkalinity: Huwandu hwakawanda hwemaamino groups ari mumorekuru hunoita kuti mvura yayo ive alkaline zvakanyanya (pH≈10 kusvika 12), uye inogona kuita neutralization reactions ne acidic substances.

Iii.Chii chinoshandiswa ne polyethylenimine(Yakarongwa neZviitiko zveKuda

1. Munda wezvekurapa (Chikosha: Majena ekutumira majini

PEI ndeimwe yemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inoshandiswa zvakanyanya pari zvino:

Principle Cationic PEI uye anionic DNA/RNA zvinoumba "PEI-nucleic acid complex" kuburikidza ne electrostatic interaction, iyo isingangodziviriri nucleic acids kuti isaparadzwe ne nucleases chete asiwo inovagonesa kupinda mumasero kuburikidza ne endocytosis. Uyezve, "proton sponge effect" yePEI (inotora maprotoni mukati mesero mushure me protonation) Kukonzera kuputika kwevesicle kunogona kukurudzira kuburitswa kwe nucleic acids mu cytoplasm;

Mashandisirwo: Kurapa majini (sekuendeswa kwemajini egomarara nezvirwere zvemajini), kuendeswa kwejekiseni re nucleic acid, kuyedza kwekuisa masero muropa (inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mu PEI transfection reagent mumarabhoritari);

Cherechedza: PEI ine huremu hwakawanda ine chepfu yakawanda. Parizvino, PEI ine chepfu shoma (yakadai sePEI yakagadziriswa peG uye PEI nanoparticles dzakasanganiswa) yakagadzirwa.

2. Nzvimbo yekurapa mvura (Chikosha: Flocculants, Adsorbents)

Flocculant: Hunhu hwecationic hwePolyethylenemine PEIinogona kubvisa zvidimbu zvakanyungudutswa mumvura zvine chaji yakaipa (senge jecha, zvinhu zvipenyu, uye mabhakitiriya), zvichiita kuti zvidimbu zviungane uye zvigare. Inoshandiswa pakuchenesa mvura yekunwa uye pakuchenesa mvura yakasviba mumaindasitiri (senge kudhinda nekudhaya, kugadzira mvura yakasviba nemapepa), inonyanya kukodzera pakuchenesa mvura yakasviba ine matope akawanda uye zvinhu zvipenyu zvakawanda.

Adsorbent Boka reamino rePolyethylenimine PEI rinogona kuumba ma coordination bonds nema heavy metal ions (akadai seCu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cr⁶⁺, Pb²⁺), uye rinogona kushandiswa kubvisa heavy metal mumvura yakasviba yeindasitiri. Rinogonawo kugadzirwa kuita polyethylenimine-modified adsorption materials (akadai sePEI-activated carbon, PEI-nanofibers) kuti riwedzere adsorption capacity.

3. Kugadziriswa kwenzvimbo yezvinhu (Chikosha: Kugadziriswa Kwebasa)

Kugadziriswa kwepepa/Fiber: Kugadziriswa kwepepa nepolyethylenimine PEI kunogona kuwedzera simba rayo rekunyorova, kuramba mvura uye kudhindwa (kuburikidza nekubatanidza nemapoka ehydroxyl pamusoro pefiber), uye kunoshandiswa mukugadzira mapepa emhando yepamusoro (akadai sepepa rekurongedza, pepa rekusefa).

Kugadziriswa kwesimbi pamusoro: Polyethylenimine inogona kugadzira firimu rekudzivirira pamusoro pesimbi, zvichiita kuti simbi isarambe ichirwisa ngura, uye inogonawo kushanda senzira yekunamira simbi.

Kugadziriswa kwezvinhu zvePolymer: PEI inoshandiswa se crosslinking agent kana compatibilizer yekuvandudza kuenderana uye kunamira kwema polymers (senge crosslinking modification ye polyurethane ne epoxy resins), kana kuwedzera hydrophilicity yezvinhu (senge PEI-modified polyolefin films).

4. Zvimwe zvinoshandiswa mumaindasitiri

Zvinonamira uye zvinonamira: Boka reamino rePEI rinogona kusangana nekuchinjana kwezvinobatanidza ne aldehydes, isocyanates, nezvimwewo, uye rinogona kushandiswa semushonga wekupisa zvinonamira zvinobva mumvura. Polyethylenimine inoshandiswa pakubatanidza huni, bepa, nesimbi, ine simba guru rekubatanidza uye inodzivirira mvura zvakanaka.

Indasitiri yedhayi nepigment: Polyethylenimine PEI inogona kushandiswa semushonga wekuisa madhayi ecationic (kunyanya pakudhaya machira echisikigo akadai sedonje nesirika), zvichiwedzera kunamira uye kusukwa kwemadhayi; Polyethylenimine inogonawo kushandiswa semuparadzi wepigment kudzivirira kuungana kwepigment.

Kubvisa peturu: PEI inoshandiswa mukuchenesa mvura munzvimbo ine mafuta (sekudzima mvura uye kudzora ma profile agents), kana sechinowedzerwa chemvura inoboorwa kuti ivandudze kugadzikana kwemvura inoboorwa.

Nekugadzirisa huremu hwemamorekuru (huremu hushoma hwemamorekuru, chepfu shoma; huremu hwakawanda hwemamorekuru, kushanda kwakanyanya), chimiro (chakatwasuka vs. chakapatsanurwa), uye nzira dzekugadzirisa (peG-ylation, cross-linking, uye compounding) yepolyethylenimine, kushandiswa kwayo muminda yepamusoro-soro (yakadai sekutumira mishonga zvakanangana nezvinhu zvakakosha zvinoshanda) kunogona kuwedzerwa.